The sheikhs united with Britain in a long term through a series of treaties, beginning with the General Treaty of The Maritime Lake of 1820 and including the Eternal Sea Peace of 1853, until in 1892 they concluded “exclusive agreements” with the British – after Bahrain in 1880 – which placed them under the protection of the United Kingdom. This was an ambiguous status, below a formal protectorate, but Britain pledged to defend them against external aggression in exchange for exclusive British rights in the states. [3] Sheikh Zayed met Sheikh Rachid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, then ruler of Dubai, on 18 February 1968 in Al Samha, present-day Abu Dhabi, near Dubai`s southwestern border. From 25 to 27 February 1968, the leaders of these nine states convened a constitutional conference in Dubai and concluded an 11-point agreement that served as the basis for the creation of the “United Arab Emirates Federation”. … under the control of the United Kingdom by the exclusive agreement of 1892. When Britain finally left the Persian Gulf in 1971, Dubai was a prominent founding member of the United Arab Emirates. The sheikhs declared themselves ready not to cede any territory other than Great Britain and not to establish relations with another foreign government without Britain`s consent. In exchange, the British promised to protect the Trucial coast from maritime aggression and to assist in the event of a land attack. [Citation required] This agreement, the “Exclusive Agreement”, was signed between 6 and 8 March 1892 by the leaders of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Ras Al Khaimah and Umm Al Quwain. [10] It was then ratified by the Viceroy of India and the British Government in London. Under the exclusive agreement (1892), Sharjah`s external relations were entrusted to the United Kingdom.
The treaties of the 19th century generally concerned the maintenance of peace at sea, and Britain did not interfere with the Qasimi family`s attempts to take Abu Dhabi (1825-31; 1833-1833). The Eastern States (Arabic: As-Seil al-Muh`din or al-Muta-li; Trucial Oman, Trucial States of the Coast of Oman and Trucial Cheikhdoms) was the name given by the British government to a group of tribal federations in southeastern Arabia, known as the “pirate coast”. The name derives from the territories whose main sheikhs from 1820 to 1892 had signed protection contracts with the British government (also known as the ceasefire, hence the “trucial”). They remained an informal British protectorate until the contracts were revoked on 1 December 1971. The next day, six of the sheikhs (Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah) formed the United Arab Emirates; The seventh – Ras Al Khaimah – joined the Federation on 10 February 1972. The exclusive agreement of the Shaikh of Bahrain with the British government, dated 13 March 1892. British expeditions to protect Anglo-Indian trade and interests around Ras al-Khaimah, near the Strait of Hormuz, led in 1809 to campaigns against this headquarters and other ports along the coast, and again (with much greater destructive force) in 1819. The following year, in 1820, a peace treaty was signed, to which all the sheikhs of the coast complied.
Among the signatories of this treaty was Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi of Sharjah (January 6, 1820). He signed a “provisional agreement” also on behalf of Ajman and Umm Al Qawain), then on 8 January in Ras Al Khaimah, Hassan Bin Rahma Al Qasimi signed as `Sheikh of `Hatt and Falna` formerly of Ras Al Khaimah (`Hatt` is the modern village of Khatt and `Falna` is the modern suburb of Ras Al Khaima, Falain, near the site of Al. , followed by Qadib bin Ahmad signed by Jazirah Al Hamrah (in the English translation of the treaty as Jourat Al Kamra!). [6] After the defeat of the Qawasims, the British signed a series of agreements with the sheikhs of each emir from 1820 to 1853.
